The Levels Of Law Enforcement - 1190 Words

Since the beginning years of American history and basically every other country has been kept safe by the police or police type department. In the United States, there are three levels of law enforcement, there is the Federal level, the State level, and the Local level. The levels of law enforcement have various duties but most duties are very similar. Every day in the field is very different. The job can also be extremely stressful, and law enforcement professionals need specific training to succeed. A career in law enforcement is a secure job to have because crime never stops. What is law enforcement? It is a system where members of society perform in such manner to enforce laws by discovering, deterring, rehabilitating, or punishing the members of society who violate the laws that protect society. In other words â€Å"The generic name for the activities of the agencies responsible for maintaining public order and enforcing the law, particularly the activities of prevention, detec tion, and investigation of crime and the apprehension of criminals† (BJS). Quick History In April of 1635, the City of Boston established the first system of law enforcement in the 13 colonies. They were called the â€Å"Night Watch†, the officers worked part-time with no pay. It was until 1712 when the City of Boston hired its first paid full time law enforcement officer in the 13 colonies. On September 24, 1789 â€Å"the United States Congress created the first Federal law enforcement officer, the UnitedShow MoreRelatedLaw Enforcement Officials At Multiple Levels860 Words   |  4 Pages Serious misconduct amongst law enforcement officials at multiple levels has come to the forefront of pertinent issues facing the United States of America. This issue is widely covered by the media and is a major concern of our citizens. Recently, the competent and professional service that federal law enforcement officials provide has been overshadowed by unsavory incidents. These incidents remain in the collective memory of the people, thereby, harming the reputation and potential effectivenessRead MoreFederal, State, and Local Levels of Law Enforcement 752 Words   |  3 Pagestypes of law enforcement career options may have similarities or be quite different depending on whether the work involves federal, state, or local agency. The differences at local state and federal levels includes: benefits, jurisdictions, pay structure, job responsibilities, travel requirements, and career advancement opportunities among others. The similarities include power to make arrests without warran t for some crimes; they all carry firearms and are trained in similar law enforcement skillsRead MoreThe University Police Department : An Highest Level Of Professional Law Enforcement1428 Words   |  6 PagesIt is the mission of University Police that all members of the University Police Department are committed to providing the highest level of professional law enforcement services to all within the university community, regardless of race, creed, national origin, or sexual orientation (UPD, n.d.). â€Å"We are evidence based, and data/records do not suggest a need for change,† (Lieutenant, personal communication, October 17, 2014). Kezar wrote that she hoped leaders will instead choose changes and initiativesRead MorePolicing Functions1089 Words   |  5 PagesMathew Scherer CJA/394 February 10, 2014 Mr. David Kurylowicz Policing Functions Law enforcement in the United States consists of local municipal, county, state, and federal agencies. These agencies make up a very large and very complex enterprise. Throughout the United States, there are almost 18,000 different law enforcement agencies at the local, county, state, and federal levels. Along with the law enforcement agencies also comes private security industry that is made up of over a million peopleRead MoreImpact of Terrorism on Law Enforcement1566 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Terrorism in Law Enforcement The devastating events of 9/11 provided a forewarning to our country concerning the dangers of terrorism. However, it has created a particularly greater impact on the duties and standards expected of law enforcement agencies on all levels (local, state, and national). Law enforcement has begun implementing new tactics in an effort to prevent future terrorist attacks from threatening our national security. One aspect of policing in which terrorism has broughtRead MoreOrganizational Management and Operations Paper1690 Words   |  7 Pagespolicing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels of the criminal justice system. An analysis of the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at these three organizational levels will be assessed for similarity of leadership and differences. * According to Police Crunch (2012), To be an effective police/law enforcement officer, one must understand where we (law enforcement) has been, where society believes we are and what the heck is goingRead MoreOrganizational Management and Operations Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesHerring May 6, 2012 As of 2008, there are approximately 765,000 personnel employed as sworn officers in local and state law enforcement agencies throughout the United States (BJS, 2011) with an additional 105,000 law enforcement personnel in approximately 65 federal agencies as of 2004 (BJS, 2006). Law Enforcement agencies function at all levels of the government: local, state, and federal with many similarities and differences in their day-to-day operations, each responsibleRead MoreOrganizational Management and Operations1213 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Operations The subject to describe is policing organizations at various levels. The author will identify, compare, and contrast the policing function at the local, state, and federal organizational levels (CJA/484 – Criminal Justice Administration Capstone). The author will analyze how the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at the local, state, and federal levels are similar or different and why (CJA/484 – Criminal Justice Administration Capstone)Read MoreThe Role of Federal Agencies in Fighting Digital Crime774 Words   |  3 PagesSecurity, and other law enforcement agencies have similar challenges when fighting computer crimes and terrorism due to the recent development of computer technologies as well as constant threats. Federal law enforcement agencies and local law enforcement agencies have different responsibilities that work independently instead of on the same level, which can make it difficult to coordinate and cooperate to fight agai nst computer crimes and terrorist threats. Local law enforcement agencies deal withRead MoreMid Term Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Justice 211-04 Police Operations July 13, 2010 Kaplan University The development of Law Enforcement originated with the need to protect Humans, and property. Once organized systems were put into place, August Vollmer, the first Town Marshall for Berkeley, and later the Chief of Police and Crimininalist for Berkeley California is credited as being instrumental in many facets of Law Enforcement which are still used today and have been enhanced and improved several times over the past decades

From Hero to Zero - 1979 Words

Hero to Zero A tragic hero is of noble birth and is a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destine for suffering or defeat. Victor Frankenstein, a rich and highly educated man who questioned the role of God and created The Creature, soon abandons his creation and ends up getting a taste of his own medicine when all his loved ones are gone and he is left all alone. Victor learned his lesson after creating The Creature because then he is punished eternally for his actions of exploring the secrets of creation. Victor Frankenstein came from a wealthy and powerful family. Victor experiences a peaceful and happy childhood in Switzerland. He had a loving family who adored him and his cousin Elizabeth. Frankenstein was highly educated and was amazed when he read books about science. The death of his mother really took a toll on his life. His mother died when he attended the University of Germany which is where he started thinking about how he wanted to eliminate diseases since his mother died from a disease. Then he kept thinking and questioned the role of God and wondered if he could create life, which is how The Creature was made. When the Creature was alive Victor took one look at it and was disgusted by its image and ran away from it. After Victor creates the Creature he suffers from illness lasting months and the Creature goes into the woods. When Victor returns home he finds out that his younger brother has been murdered. Justine who is a friend ofShow MoreRelatedFrom Zero to Hero1425 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Zero to Hero Throughout history, many people have risen and fallen in power due to their weaknesses and strengths. Napoleon Bonaparte, the great war leader and eventual Emperor of the French, was brought down due to the brute attacks on France by the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Russia, and even by his own arrogance and carelessness. On the contrary, George Washington, a wealthy farmer from Virginia, was able to lead the thirteen colonies into defeating the most powerful army inRead MoreA Hero : A Definition Of A Hero714 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is a definition of a hero ?The definition of a hero is a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Being a hero is more than just saving a person it includes helping those who are in need, and offering support to others in their area of weakness,I also think Of Jesus Christ our lord and savior as an example of an hero.Because God is that savior who helps you and guides you.You see God is the biggest and best hero. God is so extraordinary thatRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesBudapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. The film features many successful actors, but the main story revolves around an interesting narration of Zero Moustafa (played by F Murray Abraham, but embodied in younger years by Tony Revolori), who encounters the Author (starred by Tom Wilkinson and Jude Law). Zero reveals the secret of how he became the owner of the Grand Budapest’s Hotel. The film draws attention to such themes as crime, love, the family revolts, prison breaks, policeRead MoreHoles By Louis Sachar : A Unique And Dynamic Piece Of Children s Literature962 Words   |  4 PagesStanley does not come off as an exciting character, at first he could even be considered rather dull. Until after the twentieth century it was the standard to make all heroes representations of masculinity (Simon 155). Stanley is a good example of a hero that isn’t excessively manly, he is timid and content. Interestingly his nickname at camp was Caveman. This name would suggest a very masculine nature. However, he is not wild or strong, he is chubby and insecure. Stanley also never seems to have luckRead MoreBeginning to the Great Alaskan Race826 Words   |  3 Pagesantiserum. So twenty dogs sled teams relayed the serum from the town of Nenana to Nome. The hardships of the dogs and mushers went through along with the hero dogs, and teams of mushers and dogs will forever be alive in Alaskan history.This journey is a gratifying accomplishment and a proud moment in Alaskan history. There were twenty teams of dogs varying from seven dogs to twenty-three dogs with a total of over a hundred dogs running from town to town carrying a life saving serum to the peopleRead MoreMarketing Audit: Coke Zero1125 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing audit: Coke Zero Positioning strategy The American soda manufacturer Coca-Cola has been under widespread criticism for contributing to the worlds obesity epidemic. However, the company also offers many diet beverages to whet consumers appetites. The health benefits of diet beverages are somewhat controversial in the scientific community, regarding weight gain, and some research indicates that consumers who drink more diet beverages actually weigh more (Diet sweeteners increase weightRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesto be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examination, the basic plot structure of some modern tragedies actually differs very little from that of the ancient classics. In spite of its modernity, Arthur Mi llers great twentieth-century tragedy, Death of aRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antigone. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead MoreThe Movie The Nightmare Before Christmas 1701 Words   |  7 Pagestrail back farther than five thousand Before Common Era. The question that goes through all minds at some point, however, is what makes a hero? Joseph Campbell wrote his theory of The Hero’s Journey in which he describes the path the hero will tread and the trials and tribulations ahead of them. That is not to say that there are not multiple ways to go about a hero tale, there are various kinds of heroes, which all change the story. There are tragic heroes, classic heroes, epic heroes, and more. InRead MoreThe True Success Behind Ms. Marvel923 Words   |  4 Pagesparents, has that one friend who has a secret crush but is never noticed, a small group of friends, and the desire to be able to fit in with the â€Å"popular† kids at school. This story isn’t just about how any other every day person became to become zero to hero. The true success behind Ms. Marvel is because it s something different Marvel Comics brings to the readers they don t usually see comparing to previous superheros. They didn’t only bring an urban legend back .. Even before Kamala came along

Case 5 the Ken Griffey Jr. Negotiation Summary free essay sample

Case Summary Ken Griffey Jr. was a professional baseball player for the United States. Griffey was known as one of the first professional baseball players in the two North American leagues who held the post as an outfielder and has proven to be an excellent hitter and outstanding fielder over several years. During negotiations, Griffey played for a Seattle Team called Seattle Mariners. His contract with Seattle was to end in the 2000 season. If Griffey stayed in Seattle for the 2000 season and allowed his contract to expire, he could have become a free agent who can possibly sell his services and talent to other baseball teams. However, if Seattle can trade him during the time of the case, they could get something for Griffey because he has supreme talent which can bring Seattle many great players in return. Seattle could have tried to sign Griffey into a new contract but knew that Griffey was very unhappy in Seattle for several reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 5 the Ken Griffey Jr. Negotiation Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Griffey expressed on numerous occasions a desire to live closer to his relatives. After the 1999 season, Griffey’s request was approved and he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for a couple players which involved Brett Tomko, Mike Cameron, Jake Meyer, and Antonio Perez. Originally, the expectations looked bright for Griffey in Cincinnati because the Reds had just come within one game of a playoff. Cincinnati was the city where Griffey grew up and he was very pleased to be playing on his father’s previous team. Ken Griffey, Jr. was a featured star of the Mariners and a fan favorite in Seattle throughout is tenure. The case involves negotiations that consist of professional baseball athlete Ken Griffey, Jr. which occurred during the winter of 2000.

James P. Comer Essay Example

James P. Comer Essay James P. Comer, MD. MPH., has been internationally famous for his contribution in child development. As a psychiatrist and a member of the Maurice Folk Professor of Child Psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine’s Child Study Center, he was able to support the promotion and program on the said field. In this regard, he was able to put up the Comer School Development Program in 1968. This program aims to build the mutual cooperation and bonding of parents, academicians and society to develop the emotional and mental aspects of a child, which in turn could help children in attaining their educational success. Aside from these programs, he was able to write several books and articles about the development of children as a whole. In fact several groups have recognized his success. In addition to the awards he had previously received, again, he was awarded two of the most coveted awards, the Heinz Award and Healthrac Foundation Prize in 1996. One of his well known and acclaimed work is the book entitled ‘Waiting for a Miracle: Why Schools Can’t Solve our Problems and How We Can†, which was published in 1997. In the said book, Comer thrashed out the roots of school troubles and offers a feasible approach to settle them he recommended a method that concentrates on the critical responsibilities of young individuals, family unit, and society. His narration includes several accounts of his life as an African-American teenager living poorly. He hauled also experiences from his long years of community participation and educational undertakings to demonstrate how the educational institutions can be a main and significant tool of transformation. By utilizing illustrations from his victorious approaches for troubled schools, he was able to present a thorough design of how a considerately planned course of action can create a vivid change in the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on James P. Comer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on James P. Comer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on James P. Comer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The most important hypothesis of Waiting for a Miracle is the idea that while educational institutions could not resolve the troubles of America, the professors, supervisors, and parents can start the extensive and laborious course of undertaking to impute a change in the life American population. On the other hand, Comer also made a point, which destroys the illusion that individual’s achievements in life are the consequence of person’s hard work. According to him, success is a result of a sequence of concentric set-up that have an effect on and which establishes the worth of our existence. These comprise the biological, physical, and value laden uniqueness obtained from kin relations as the first set up. The second phase is the self identification, peer influencing and value laden manipulation obtained in the development of the educational institutions, occupations and association; and the third network is that where programs and custom disseminated by political, commerce have the capacity to superficially influence the existence of persons. (McFadden) Another main sub-thesis of this book is that nearly all Americans have profited from the developed and hi-tech revolutions that have enhanced the condition of life. A good number Americans have been wedged in the surge of richness, as African Americans have always been in fixed in the hardship their economic life. Furthermore, he also stated that country’s administration ought as well to obligate themselves to improving the schools by directing on the seminar, workshops, and training which the professors, teachers and alike should undertake. In relation to the contemporary education, the book implies that improved schools may be an essential component of the resolution to our American problems. However, it is important to note that the Author also contends persuasively that a change in the educational policy, devoid of trivial cultural transformation, is neither a possible solution that could help the American problems. Thus, Comer stated, Expecting schools to do so is like waiting for a miracle. My view of Waiting for a Miracle reveals that the book is a sympathetic narration of lesson and a lucid plea made by a famous psychologist, with an established reputation in leading schools. In analyzing this work, it is important to note that the Author’s flaw is on his act of admiring the support, which he has received from his kins, little did he realize how complex it could be for others to obtain such support. In the search on how to give emphasis to societys obligation, the act of biased account over the obligations persons and organizations concerned is also noted. Nevertheless, his enormous knowledge in the school modification progress was his driving force to appeal for a far-reaching modification that everyone must earnestly give a thought. Comers recitation of the harmful consequences of labeling the relics of racial discrimination is outstanding. The truth of the matter is that Waiting for a Miracle is an accurate printed tale with the purpose of delivering the troubled African American society. In sum, I concur with Comer’s examination of our American educational predicament. Our teenagers prospect necessitates that Americans assists the mounting, multiracial association which presently being undertaken to hunt comprehensive, family-involved and child-oriented resolution to our country’s societal tribulations.

Islamic Civilization Essay Example

Islamic Civilization Essay Example Islamic Civilization Essay Islamic Civilization Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Islamic Civilization There exist different sources that deal with conquests occurring in the Arabic setting. One journal in particular serves to give a description of the maghazi campaigns of prophets and their companions. The article â€Å"The Historical Islam† by Piero Scaruffi gives a systematic survey of the various cities and countries of the former Islamic nation with al-Baladhuri being its inspiration. al-Baladhuri was an Arabic historian famous for his detailed accounts of the Arab empire formation. The major preoccupation characteristic defining this source comes through how a region or city was conquered. Upon reading this historical source, I found it relevant to forward the argument that this source is informative and comprehensive in its account on Islamic civilization. This source provides the means used to conquer cities, regions, and the strengths behind Arabic conquest success. Primarily, Baladhuri’s account on Arab conquests gives a detailed insight on the Islamic civiliza tion and the key implications behind conquests. Establishing Arab rule around 712 A.D was preceded by several efforts aimed at penetrating a number of regions. According to al-Baladhuri, the unifying Islam ideology, facilitated by the skillful employment of novel and traditional means of consolidation, ultimately resulted to the emergence of new states under Muhammad. These qualities enabled the Arabs of this period to exert dominance more effectively compared to tribal groups of the previous Arab isthmus. Instead of the previously existing fragmentation in the Arabia political system, where the various tribal groups competing among themselves for local dominance, the outcome was a relatively unified, centralized polity that managed to integrate a number of these tribes and eventually transforming them into functional parts of the entire system. In particular, this amalgamation of the Arabian ethnic groups into one Islamic state ultimately set the stage for preceding conquests. The state consolidation process that started with Muhammad continued unaltered throughput the entire Islamic conquest period. As under Muhammad, every Islamic tribal group becomes incorporated into the nation in the process of the conquest period. They were administered by a Quraysh agent who collected taxes due from the tribe as well as supervising it. Islamic tribes residing beyond the Arabian Peninsula became gradually subjected to the new state of Islamic civilization in the later conquest phase of the Fertile Crescent. In addition, they were also subjected to reducing taxes similar to their Arabian counterparts during the Muhammad careers. Similarly, the continued progress of tribal incorporation may be factually viewed as members of Islamic tribal groups being subjected to recruitment into Islamic armies and trained to fight on a number of fronts in the conquest period. Agents representing the tribes sent contingents from their respective groups. As they advanced forward, the assembled core forces were able to add more recruits as they crossed through various tribes’ territories and could contact their supporters who were strategically placed at the wells and the centers they passed through. The recruited troops were not a mere horde that wandered aimlessly headed for the Fertile Crescent. Instead, they were specially organized contingents of an effective army whose general movements and objectives were developed by the ruling elite. The Islamic conquests brought forward a weighty influence on the general world history course and the Near East. Apart from creating social and political conditions across its conquests, the Arab movement carried with it the Muslim faith to vast regions. This movement therefore represented the practical start point of the great civilization evolution of medieval Islam coupled with the end of the world of antiques. For a period, the Arab conquests ultimately influenced the political patterns that dominated the Near East; and that this was the basis of Arabia’s power, and implemented it effectively in dominating old political and cultural systems in Iran, Fertile Crescent, and Egypt. As the conquest period was ending, the struggle for dominance was imminent as an elite engaged in conflict regarding which tribe should gain supreme rule. According to al-Baladhuri, this issue had already plagued the First Civil War through a struggle between the Umayya and other Quraysh branches. With these kinds of conflicts, it implied that the ruling elite were successively reduced to limited leadership. It is fundamental to note the later year debates over who was appropriately fit to head the Islamic group of people emerged from a simple Arabian formulation. The arguments put forward maintained that groups with rivalry among the elite increasingly rested on genealogy considerations. On the other hand, groups that did not have affiliations to the elite and wished access to rule relied in proper Islam behavior and importance of virtuous as justifications for wielding power. In conclusion, Piero Scaruffi provides an informed analysis of the Islamic civilization and the issues that came along with the Arabic conquest. al-Baladhuri maintains that the unifying Islam ideology, facilitated by the skillful employment of novel and traditional means of consolidation, ultimately resulted to the emergence of new states under Muhammad. The integration of every Muslim tribe into the nation in the process of the conquest period was the main catalyst behind the rapid progress of the Arabic conquest. However, as it ended, conflicts were imminent as different Arabic tribes endeavored to acquire the elite status.

Slang Words Ending in O

Slang Words Ending in O Slang Words Ending in O Slang Words Ending in O By Mark Nichol Among the more curious classes of slang words is that of terms ending in the letter o, the topic of this post. Several categories exist in which informal words end in o. Among the oldest are those consisting of words to which an extraneous o has been added, such as cheerio (from cheer or cheery), which in British English is used as a greeting or a farewell, and boyo, an extension of boy, just as kiddo is derived from kid. Sometimes, a word ending in o is simply a truncation of a word in which o is naturally the last letter of the abbreviation, such as condo, for condominium, which originally meant â€Å"joint rule or sovereignty† but in the mid-twentieth century came to refer to a privately owned apartment. (The word to which the element con-, meaning â€Å"with,† has been attached is cognate with domain.) Another example is demo, short for demonstration, in the sense of a presentation of a product or a rough version of a music recording. Sometimes the o is attached to a truncated word after the first syllable regardless of which vowel follows in the full form of the word, as in aggro, for aggressive (generally to describe a hostile person or hostile behavior); ammo, for ammunition; combo, for combination (usually in the sense of a small ensemble of musicians, especially those who play jazz); convo, for conversation; and journo, for journalist. Australia is fertile ground for word formation of this type (as well as other diminutive forms, such as applying -ie, as in alkie, for alcoholic, and barbie, for barbecue). Some more obscure abbreviations from Australia include arvo, for afternoon; doggo (in the expression â€Å"lie doggo,† meaning â€Å"lay low†); and muso, for musician. One slightly truncated word in American English is rando, from random; several decades ago, the latter word was first employed as a noun to describe a peculiar person, and from there it acquired the sense of someone who is sketchy or undesirable. Rando inherited that connotation, usually in the context of a stranger who unexpectedly tries to make contact with another person, either in person or through social media. An older, synonymic term is weirdo, which sports an o attached to weird. On this model was beardo formed to refer to someone sporting a trendy-looking full, bushy beard, especially one who might also be tagged a rando or a weirdo. Occasionally, a word ending in o is adopted from another language. In the case of mondo, which denotes excessiveness or outrageousness, it derives ultimately from the Italian word for world; the context is Mondo Cane, the title of an Italian documentary about human eccentricity. (The loose English translation of the title is A Dog’s Life; cane is cognate with canine.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business EmailsExcited ABOUT, not "for" 150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You

The industry environment and the macro environment Assignment

The industry environment and the macro environment - Assignment Example There are cost differences between the firms of cartel. For example, the firm with lower cost will sell more output and earn more profit, but this is not possible in the cartel, as cartel firms are obliged to share the profit irrespective of their cost structure. The commission has adopted a dominant strategy by threatening price fixers with extremely large fines on one hand, and at the same time, promising the whistle-blower an escape from the huge fine of 331 million pounds. This strategy is dominant because it will provide optimal results to the commission. This is because no firm will collude again due to the fear of having to pay a big amount of fine. Moreover, the existence of whistle-blowers like Micron is another negative factor. The authority will try to allot a contract to the lower bidder, because in this case it will have to pay  £ 200000 only. Whilst, bidders will try to earn maximum profit by cutting down each other, so if the contract is split up into two companies, then the authority has to pay  £220,000 which is less than  £ 300000 and more than  £ 200000. However, if one company succeeds in obtaining the contract, then the authority will have to pay  £220,000 which is again lower than  £ 300000 but greater than  £ 200000. The result of the secret competitive tendering was observed by repeated games, because the bid involves two competitors with many bidding options. Both bidders will try to earn the maximum profit by cutting back the other. Both will be afraid of making high bids, because in that case, one of them will end up losing the contract. In short, a final decision can be reached after playing repeated strategies and assessing the moves of each other. The concept of beauty care industry is as old as mankind. A man is born with the wish to look beautiful and in order to satisfy his wish, he utilizes all his

Internet Shopping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Shopping - Essay Example A long traditional framework in marketing is a worthwhile lens to look through when charting a path for success (i.e., formulating strategy and tactics) in ecommerce. This framework is known as the consumer buying decision process and it encompasses all consumer behaviors related to buying. It consists of five general stages. Consumers may not experience all of the stages for each buying decision. -Purchase - payment and acquisition of product (n.b., the product purchased is not always the one preferred by a consumer -- e.g., when Coca Cola is not available on an airplane, many people drink Pepsi). -Post purchase - behavior related to both the felt comfort and satisfaction levels with the purchase experience and decision; all product related activities that one does after purchasing a product (e.g., returning an item, using an item and being either satisfied or dissatisfied, spreading word-of-mouth). Bruce D. Weinberg in the same article further states that "The Internet creates an information intensive environment where power and success is very much high quality information and the ability to best understand and utilize it. Exchange (i.e., buying and selling) information is typically generated by either buyers or sellers, though certainly others can generate relevant exchange information -... -Post purchase - behavior related to both the felt comfort and satisfaction levels with the purchase experience and decision; all product related activities that one does after purchasing a product (e.g., returning an item, using an item and being either satisfied or dissatisfied, spreading word-of-mouth). Bruce D. Weinberg in the same article further states that "The Internet creates an information intensive environment where power and success is very much high quality information and the ability to best understand and utilize it. Exchange (i.e., buying and selling) information is typically generated by either buyers or sellers, though certainly others can generate relevant exchange information -- for example, those who provide advice (e.g., e-pinions.com). Taken together, this highlights a very important lesson. Buyers and sellers need to listen very carefully to each other as it is their communication skills -- the ability to clearly transmit and interpret needs in the form of information". Further following points are to be kept in mind while developing a website: Make it easy to find desired products at the site. Consumers want to know quickly the purpose of a site; and they want to know who is involved in the venture. Respond quickly to consumer requests for information or assistance. Provide useful and direct information. Provide live or software-based agent assistance online. Enable comparison shopping. State upfront all order-related factors and the total cost of a transaction. Maintain tight security when handling customers' credit card numbers. Keep your customers apprised of fulfillment progress. Simplify product returns and exchanges. Respect your customers' privacy. Don't underestimate

The concentration of hydrochloric Acid Essay Example for Free

The concentration of hydrochloric Acid Essay There are many factors that have an affect on the rate of a chemical reaction. The speed of reaction means how fast the reactants change into the desired product. The consequence of this is that more of the products are made in a certain period of time if it has a high rate of reaction. Factors can only have two affects on a reaction making the reaction happen faster or slower depending on how it interferes with the reaction, the factors never change the outcome of the reaction, the final product. This ability to change the rate of the reaction enables us to control reactions and predict how changing variables affects the experiment. Rate of reaction = 1 _ Time Taken Reacting chemicals must either: Collide with each other.   Collide with enough energy to break the existing bonds. The energy required to break these bonds is called the Activation Energy (EA) There are four main factors that affect reaction these are:   Temperature   Use of a catalyst Concentration   Surface area Temperature. When the temperature is increased the reactant molecules move around faster with a greater amount of energy. This means there will be more successful collisions because it is the amount of energy in the molecules that determines whether a reaction is more successful. More successful collisions resulting in reactants get used up quicker resulting in the reaction time decreasing. Catalyst A catalyst affects the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy for the reaction. This means that more collisions are successful because it is easier to reach activation energy. A catalyst does not get used up during a reaction. It can then be used again, and again. Surface area Grinding up a solid into smaller chunks creates a larger surface area by making the surface area in contact with a liquid or a solid bigger Therefore more collisions can occur which increases the number of successful reactions thus speeding up the reaction. Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to determine how one of the above factors affects a reaction. So we choose only one variable. We were given 3 reactions to choose from, each allowing us to vary a certain factor. After careful consideration we came to the conclusion that due to lack of equipment we could not test catalyst, measuring temperature would be too difficult in the classroom because we could not control the classroom temperature very well it could change over the course of the experiment, and surface area would be difficult to calculate. So we opted for the concentration variable as it was easy to measure accurately the concentration of the reactants. There were three possibilities to choose from and these were: Choice 1. Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Thiousulphate Sodium Chloride + Water + Sulphur Dioxide. HCl (aq) + Na2 S2 O3 (aq) NACl + H2O + S + SO3 Choice 2 Hydrochloric Acid + Magnesium Hydrogen + Magnesium Chloride HCl (aq) + Mg(s) H(g) + MgCl (aq) Choice 3 Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate Calcium Chloride + Carbon Dioxide + Water HCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) Preliminary tests To help me decide which one to choose I decided to do some preliminary tests the First I did the reaction between Sodium Thiousulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. This test involved putting a considerable amount of Hydrochloric Acid into a clear beaker on top of a piece of plain paper with a (X) clearly marked in the middle of the glass beaker. Sodium Thiousulphate is then dropped into the solution and the reaction forms a cloudy solution and soon the liquid becomes opaque. The timer starts from when the Sodium Thiousulphate is dropped into the solution and is stopped when the (X) under the beaker is no longer visible. How fast the reaction is depends on how quickly the mark under the beaker is no longer visible. I decided this was not a viable or easily measure test. The measuring comes down to human judgement, which varies from person to person. It would have been possible to use light sensing equipment to accurately measure the time that it takes for the cross to become no longer visible. But as this equipment was not at my disposal I decided that this test would not be accurate enough for me to get a good set of precise results. The second preliminary was the reaction between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid. It involved putting Hydrochloric acid into a beaker and then adding the Calcium Carbonate in the form of larger chunks, the beaker would immediately be attached to a gas syringe, this piece of equipment that measures how much gas the reaction gives off in cm3. This meant we could accurately measure how much gas is given off from the reaction, giving us a precise value rather than estimation like in the first experiment. This experiment was a better possibility because a distinct value could be recorded; human judgement was not an issue which was one of the problems with the first experiment. Unfortunately surface area is the problem with this experiment, the marble chips were difficult to measure to ensure the size of the surface area accurately. This meant that this was constantly a variable but not a variable that we could measure accurately meaning that the experiment would either have unreliable results through estimating surface area or have unreliable results through having two variable factors. The final set of preliminary tests was the reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid. This test was set up in a very similar manner as the experiment above, as the aim in both was to measure the amount of gas given off. In this case in was Hydrogen was the gas being given off. The reaction took place in a beaker which was in turn connected to a gas syringe, measuring the Hydrogen produced. The experiment allowed us to control each of the variables. Temperature could be controlled using a water bath as with preliminary test number two. The surface area of the magnesium was much easier to control than the Calcium Carbonate of the previous experiment, this was because the magnesium was in strip form instead of unevenly sized chips. The concentration of the Hydrochloric Acid was also easy to vary, using a burette enabled us to measure the amount of water and acid being put into the beaker. Because of this ability to control all the affecting factors I felt that the Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid was the experiment that would provide the most reliable set of results. The use of a gas syringe meant that the results collected would be both precise and accurate, with minimum human judgement involved. After choosing to do this experiment I then conducted a further set of preliminary tests. I decided to keep the experiment roughly the same although I improved the method of measuring the magnesium strips because in my original preliminary I just cut them roughly equal sizes but in this preliminary I decided that I would use a ruler to ensure equal sizes this therefore would try and eliminate the factor of surface area so that I am only testing how the concentration affects the rate of reaction by having a similar surface area. Experiment Key 1. 0 Moles 12. 50 cm3 Hydrochloric Acid 12. 50 cm3 Water 1. 1 Moles 13. 75 cm3 Hydrochloric Acid 11. 25 cm3 Water 1. 2 Moles 15. 00 cm3 Hydrochloric Acid 10. 00 cm3 Water 1. 3 Moles 16. 25 cm3 Hydrochloric Acid 8. 75 cm3 Water 1. 4 Moles 17. 50 cm3 Hydrochloric Acid 7. 50 cm3 Water Test number one Moles 10 Seconds 20 Seconds 30 Seconds 40 Seconds 50 Seconds 60 Seconds 1Test Number two. Moles 10 Seconds 20 Seconds 30 Seconds 40 Seconds 50 Seconds 60 Seconds 2 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

How Lean Manufacturing Helps Our Economy Essay -- Economics

Lean manufacturing plays a major role in our economy and yet it is almost unheard of outside manufacturing. It is important to know lean manufacturing relates to our individual lives and how we can all benefit from this concept. With current slow economic recovery, it is imperative that we find avenues that consumers can get through these difficult times, but also to implement the lessons-learned values into future thinking. The rising cost of goods and the unemployment rate high, lean manufacturing is helping to keep cost low and jobs in America where they belong. When we think of process manufacturing or the assembly line many credit Henry Ford for this concept. The introduction of continuous process in the late 1890’s was to produce a product from start to finish on an assembly line and the concept was revolutionary; the people didn’t move but the product did. Ford’s financial return from this successful concept meant offering a less expensive product without sacrificing superior quality. Then in the 1940’s Taiichi Ohno, a mechanical engineer for Toyota Corporation located in Japan is credited for the development of the â€Å"Toyota Production System†, also known as Lean Manufacturing, delved deeper into Henry Ford’s concept further developed the concept of motion and material flow in the manufacturing process. This system would further analyze the waste of movement and would take a closer look at reducing or even eliminating excess motion or movement to retrieve tools or product while manufacturing a product. For example, if a person has groceries and needed to get the bags into the house, it is a shorter distance to park in a garage where a person is closer to the door than parking at the street and walk the great distance t... ...t people back to work and focus again on the American dream and plan our financial security well into retirement age. Works Cited A Brief History of Lean Manufacturing. n.d. Paul Swift. 19 March 2012 . Davidson, Paul. 'Lean' manufacturing helps companies survive recession. Ed. Brent Jones. 3 March 2009. 19 March 2012 . Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Jeff Cox. The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement. New York: North River Press, 1984. Rosen, James. "'Lean' Manufacturing Takes Root in U.S." 29 April 2011. FoxNews.com. 19 March 2012 . Sato, Tomaichi. "Production Management & Planning: Tomoichi Sato." Lean Manufacturing Japan. Warren Harrod. n.d. 2.

Rhetorical mode Essay

Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. NOTE: You may not copy and paste anything directly from the textbook or a web site. All information included in this assignment must be written in your own words. Rhetorical Mode Purpose – Explain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. Structure – Identify the organizational method that works best with each rhetorical mode. Tips – Provide two tips for writing in each rhetorical mode. Narration Narration is used to tell stories. Narrative writing typically progresses in chronological order. A plot summary can help with organization. Keeping the human senses in mind can help keep details strong. Illustration An essay that clearly demonstrates and supports a point through the use of evidence. The thesis should be at the beginning, the supporting evidence in the body of the paper. Should use a wide variety of words and phrasing. The evidence should be appropriate to the topics and the audience. Description To make sure your audience is fully immersed in the words on the page by using sensory details. Spatial order, depending on the writer, descriptions could go from top to bottom or left to right. Avoid empty descriptors if possible. Use spatial order to organize your descriptive writing. Classification To break the broad subject down into smaller, more manageable and more specific parts. Organized by breaking it down into subcategories. Choose topics you know well when writing this type of essay. Make sure you break down your topic at least 3 different ways. Process analysis The purpose is to explain how to do something or how something works. In chronological order, step by step instructions on how something is accomplished. Always have someone else read it to make sure it makes sense. Always use strong details and clear examples. Definition The purpose is to simply define something. It is organized by context, the circumstance, conditions, or settings in which something occurs or exists. Clearly define what you’re writing about. Make sure everything is organized. Compare and Contrast The purpose is to highlight the similarities between two or more similar objects while contrasting highlights the differences between two or more objects. It is organized by introduction, body, and conclusion. There should be advantages and disadvantages. Use comparing and contrasting to find likes or differences. Comparisons focus on similarities and contrast focuses on differences. Cause and The purpose is to answer why are things like this? What is the effect, or result, of this? What is the cause of this? Explain how one event leads to another. Make a list of causes and prioritize them according to their significance on the effect. Put causes under main categories and explain them if you find too many interrelated information. Persuasion The purpose is to convince, or persuade, the reader that the opinion, or assertion, or claim of the writer is correct or valid. It is organized by intro, body, and conclusion. Remember to enter their world, provide the reader with compelling evidence. Write a 100- to 150-word paragraph explanation that demonstrates why compare and contrast is the appropriate rhetorical mode for the topic you chose in Week Two. Compare and contrast is the appropriate rhetorical mode for the topic I chose because I have two of the similar objects that will be compared and contrasted and also the differences of the two. I will be comparing and contrasting the two methods of losing weight, which are diet and exercise or diet pills. In the process of me comparing and contrasting the two I will be learning a lot about what I am in the process of doing which makes this project so interesting to me. I am sure there is going to be a lot of similarities and differences.

Leadership of Martin Luther

Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) was a catholic priest and a theology professor in the late 15th and early 16th century. He was also a central protagonist during the reformation movement In the 16 century, which fathered what Is now known as the protestant reformation. Martin Luther has subsequently become one of the most recognized and Influential leaders In the history of the Charlatans Church. Leadership Defined: The ecclesial context of Lather's leadership Those who try to fine leadership will find themselves at a disadvantage due to the limitations of language.To illustrate this disadvantage: we understand that a â€Å"ball† is a â€Å"spherical object that we play with. † But depending on the context, a ball can be understand as many different things. In football, we play with a ball but it is not spherical. The sun however, is a spherical ball, but we cannot play with it. We can describe a fun time as having a ball, even though we are not playing with a ball. W e can also go to a ball, even though we may not be having a ball. We will rarely have difficulty in understanding the meaning that Is being expressed In all these situation.The same cannot be said for leadership because the word will Invoke different meanings for different people In different situations (Morehouse, 2010). Rewords Describe the definition of Leadership in Morehouse and Hickman, possibly touch on servant leadership in Hickman as the overall â€Å"Nature† of Lather's leadership. Try to give examples that would support servant leadership or whatever leadership he expressed. Rewords Traits and Skills Martin Luther exhibited many of the qualities of what Morehouse describes as trait dervish.The premise of trait leadership Is that certain traits are perceived as more crucial than others In order to lead effectively (Morehouse, 2010). These traits are generally endowed within the leader and cannot be learned. â€Å"Some of these traits that are central to this this I nclude Intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability' (Morehouse, 2010, p. 19). When comparing Martin Luther with these traits, it is easy to see how he naturally exhibited many of them. For example: outside his obvious professorship, Martin Luther was a very intelligent man.His Ninety-Five Theses objected to several traditional catholic practices, but they were intended as a scholarly dispute with a tone of inquisition. Also, Martin Luther possessed tremendous amounts of self-confidence. He challenged the most powerful religious institution in the history of mankind because he was so confident that he alone was correct and that they were the ones in error. He was eventually excommunicated but he still remained determined to stand for his conviction about catholic dogma. Martin Luther was effective with this method of leadership. HISIntelligence appealed too many while his classically helped him begin his own church by 1526. HIS determination to hold bibli cal truths as higher then catholic traditions prompted him to translate the New Testament in the vernacular of the people by allowed people to have the same access to these biblical truths. Martin Luther also demonstrated many of the skills that Morehouse associates with successful leaders. Briefly define traits Rewords Martin Luther traits and how that contributed to his effectiveness (give examples) Rewords Briefly define skills Rewords

Working With Windows Registry From Delphi Applications

Working With Windows Registry From Delphi Applications The Registry is simply a database that an application can use to store and retrieve configuration information (last window size and position, user options and information or any other configuration data). Registry also contains information about Windows (95/98/NT) and about your Windows configuration. The Registry database is stored as a binary file. To find it, run regedit.exe (Windows registry editor utility) in your Windows directory. You will see that information in Registry is organized in a similar way to Windows Explorer. We can use regedit.exe to view registry information, change it or to add some information to it. It is obvious that modifications of the registry database could lead to a ​system crash (of course if you dont know what you are doing). INI vs. Registry It is probably very well known that in the days of Windows 3.xx INI files were a popular way of storing application information and other user-configurable settings. The most terrifying aspect of INI files is that they are just text files that the user can easily edit (change or even delete them). In 32-bit Windows Microsoft recommends using Registry to store the type of information that you would normally place in INI files (users are less likely to alter registry entries). Delphi  provides full support for changing entries in the Windows System Registry: via the TRegIniFile class (same basic interface as the TIniFile class for users of INI files with Delphi 1.0) and TRegistry class (low-level wrapper for the Windows registry and functions that operate on the registry). Simple Tip: Writing to the Registry As mentioned before in this article, basic registry operations (using code manipulation) are reading information from ​Registry and writing information to the database. Next piece of code will change the Windows wallpaper and disable the screen saver using TRegistry class. Before we can use TRegistry we have to add Registry unit to the uses clause at the top of source-code. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~uses registry;procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject) ;varreg:TRegistry;beginreg:TRegistry.Create;with reg do begintryif OpenKey(\Control Panel\desktop, False) then begin//change wallpaper and tile itreg.WriteString (Wallpaper,c:\windows\CIRCLES.bmp) ;reg.WriteString (TileWallpaper,1) ;//disable screen saver//(0disable, 1enable)reg.WriteString(ScreenSaveActive,0) ;//update changes immediatelySystemParametersInfo (SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER,0, nil,SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ;SystemParametersInfo (SPI_SETSCREENSAVEACTIVE,0, nil,SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE) ;endfinallyreg.Free;end;end;end;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Those two lines of code that start with SystemParametersInfo ... force Windows to update the wallpaper and screen saver information immediately. When you run your application, youll see the Windows wallpaper bitmap change to the Circles.bmp image that is, if you have circles.bmp image in your Windows directory. (Note: your screen saver is now disabled.)

Jethro Tull and the Invention of the Seed Drill

Jethro Tull and the Invention of the Seed Drill A farmer, writer, and inventor, Jethro Tull was an instrumental figure in English agriculture, pushing to improve age-old agrarian practices by applying science and technology.   Early Life Born in 1674 to well-to-do parents, Tull grew up on the family’s Oxfordshire estate. After withdrawing from St. John’s College in Oxford, he moved to London, where he studied the pipe organ before becoming a law student. In 1699, Tull qualified as a barrister, toured Europe, and got married.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Relocating with his bride to the family farm, Tull eschewed law to work the land. Inspired by agrarian practices he saw in Europe - including pulverized soil around evenly spaced plants - Tull was determined to experiment at home.   The Seed Drill Jethro Tull invented the seed drill in 1701 as a way to plant more efficiently. Prior to his invention, sowing seeds was done by hand, by scattering them on the ground or placing them in the ground individually, such as with bean and pea seeds. Tull considered scattering wasteful because many seeds did not take root. His finished seed drill included a hopper to store the seed, a cylinder to move it, and a funnel to direct it. A plow at the front created the row, and a harrow at the back covered the seed with soil. It was the first agricultural machine with moving parts. It started as a one-man, one-row device, but later designs sowed seeds in three uniform rows, had wheels and were drawn by horses. Using wider spacing than previous practices allowed horses to draw the equipment and not step on the plants. Other Inventions Tull went on to make more â€Å"groundbreaking† inventions, literally. His horse-drawn hoe or hoe-plow dug up the soil, loosening it for planting while also pulling up unwanted weed roots. He mistakenly thought that the soil itself was the food for plants and that breaking it up allowed the plants to take it in better. The real reason that you loosen soil for planting is that the act allows more moisture and air to reach plant roots. Coinciding with his theory on the way plants fed, he also believed that you should till the soil while the plant is growing, not just during planting. His idea that plants grow better with tilled soil around them, though, is correct if not his theory on why. Tilling around plants reduces weeds competing with the crops, allowing the desired plants to grow better. Tull also improved designs of the plow.   These inventions were put to the test, and Tull’s farm thrived. Even spacing; less seed waste; better aeration per plant; and less weed growth all increased his yields. In 1731, the inventor and farmer published The New Horse Houghing Husbandry: Or, an Essay on the Principles of Tillage and Vegetation. His book was met with opposition in some quarters - especially his mistaken idea that manure didnt help plants - but eventually, his mechanical ideas and practices couldnt be denied to be useful and work well. Farming, thanks to Tull, had become a bit more rooted in science.

Reflection paper of being diabetic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection paper of being diabetic - Essay Example I knew I would not be able to remember all the information I was reading, but I would get an idea about the food items having more carbs and what I should avoid, if possible. The most difficult part of this assignment was that I had to monitor my intake of carbohydrates, fat and fiber. All these interacted and influenced blood sugar levels. I read the labels of all the food items that I was going to consume. In the absence of labels, such as fresh foods, I had a carbohydrate chart. I monitored my blood glucose levels at least twice a day and kept a record of such readings. Also, I had a tough time about checking my blood sugar and keeping it in proper range. Partly because I was embarrassed and I did not wish the people to judge or think that I was a real diabetic when they saw me doing it. The most difficult part was following a diabetic meal plan because it was related to self-management skills that I had to learn, live and stay with. Knowing what I should eat did not mean that I would eat that way. For example on some days I did not take the correct type of diet. I craved French fries often. I succumbed to that craving on rare occasions. I made sure that I counted it in my eating plan but it was hard for me. This experience has made me understand the difficult life of the diabetic people. I have really come to appreciate this assignment as it has enlightened me how lucky I am to be healthy and do not have diabetes. Also, this assignment has provided to me the details about this life-threatening condition by giving me stimulus for self-improvement and for obtaining perfect health. I hope that I can change my food habits for the sake of my health. There are resources available to educate one. Now I believe that if someone has symptoms of diabetes, he has to undergo tests right away and if found diabetic, take steps to control it and remain well-informed on this illness. They need not wait until they get too sick

GOLF Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GOLF - Assignment Example The players competing in a golf game use varied types of clubs to place a ball into a series of holes scattered across a golf course. The size and dimensions of a golf course are not well defined as in other sports. Each golf course has a unique design and layout and may have either eighteen or nine holes. Each hole in a golf course has a teeing ground that is â€Å"the starting point of each hole, where the tee markers are (PGA Professional 20)†. A teeing ground comprises of a bounded tee area that includes the putting green and varied hazards like rough and fairway. Putt pertains to a shot made by a golfer with a golf club to make the ball roll. Putting green happens to be â€Å"the most closely mown and smooth area on the course, which is specifically prepared for putting and on which the hole is placed (PGA Professional 16)†. Hazards consist of bunkers filled with sand or some other stuff and water hazards like ponds and ditches that make the game more complex. A si ngle round of golf involves rolling the golf balls in all the holes on a golf course as per a specific order. This order is set as per the layout of a particular golf course. In a golf course consisting of nine holes, the rules are the same except the fact that a game comprises of two following nine-hole rounds. A Player is usually required to keep on hitting a ball until it is holed that is put in a hole. Golf is a game that could be played either individually or in groups. The player who manages to put the ball in all the holes during a round by resorting to the least number of strokes in a round is considered to be the winner. Mainly there are two basic types of golf that are match play and stroke play. In match play, each hole is considered to be a separate contest, and of the two players or teams, the one that wins the maximum number of holes is declared to be the winner. In stroke play, the strokes made by each player to push the ball in every single hole are

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 6

Argument - Essay Example Living today is much easier and for sure this will also be different another fifty years to come and life will be better than today. The political world has evolved and the rights of the people today are more protected. Fifty years ago, the citizens did not have enough avenues where they could air their grievances. Today there are civil rights groups that help to protect the lives of the citizens. With the different political parties, there is the party that runs the government and there is the opposition side. The purpose of the opposition is to ensure that the government of the day does not misuse the office it holds. With the civil rights groups and opposition parties, leaders on both sides are more accountable. The courts that were meant to prosecute the leaders for abuse of office rarely did their work. The mighty had power whereas the common man was left watching their tax money go to waste. Today the case is different. Today we have national, regional and international courts like the International Criminal Court to ensure that those in power do not abuse this power. Another fascinating thing is that the voters are more enlightened today than they were fifty years. It is not only the parliament that has a say on the political world. Through referendums, the people can air their views on the direction they would want their nation to follow. Today, the gap between the rich and the poor is not as wide as it was fifty years ago. When the gap between the poor and the rich narrows, then we can say that the economy of the country is doing well. Martin Luther King fifty one years ago gave a moving speech where he saw the lives of all Americans improve to a great extent. Today, the economy of America is doing well, and the country is a global icon in terms of its finances. The country can now give aid to other nations in the world. The household income has improved compared to what many homes used to make on average. Fifty

Impact of Icebreaker Tasks on ESL Speaking Ability

Impact of Icebreaker Tasks on ESL Speaking Ability CHAPTERÂ   Background and Purpose Introduction Speaking is the most demanding skill among English learners and over the past decades, increasing interest in different aspects of improving speaking ability has triggered a variety of investigations, and theoretical discussions that have shed light on improving this ability. Icebreakers will be used in this study to improve speaking ability in adult upper-intermediate EFL learners. Ice breaking means breaking the ice between learners and using ice breakers to encourage students to interact all together. Statement of Problem The lack of proper speaking activities to improve oral production in adult EFL students of upper-intermediate level, results in a poor performance when speaking. This project expects to find valuable information that contributes to overcome the problems adult EFL students of upper-intermediate level face when speaking in the target language in the classroom. Theoretical Framework Speaking skill is as crucial as any other language skills. Shumin (1997) states that learning to speak a foreign language requires more than knowing its grammar and vocabulary. Learners should acquire the skill through interaction with each other. However, it is difficult for EFL learners to speak appropriate English in the classroom because of the limited language use in their real lives. Ice breakers are discussion questions or interaction activities used to help participants relax and ease in learning situation (Dover, 2004). The primary goal for an ice breaker is the development of an environment that is anxiety reducing and, which allows individuals to break the ice or get acquainted with having fun. Pillai (2007) mentions the purpose of ice breakers as helping new and shy students strike a conversation, developing communication skills and team building, breaking cultural barriers among students, promoting a sense of trust and friendship between students, encouraging students, and preparing them to learn by stimulating their minds and/or their bodies. Forbes-Greene (1984) defines icebreakers as tools that enable students to foster interaction, encourage creative thinking, challenge basic assumptions, explain new concepts, and introduce specific material. According to Varvel (2002) ice breaker is an activity used to help individual ease into the group setting. Also, Wright (1999) defines ice breaker as opening communication among students as between teacher and students. Jenkins (2011) argues that ice breaker should be dynamic and simple so as to satisfy students need to establish an appropriate social relationship with other students and teachers and also preview the style and content of the classroom event. According to Sapp (2007) principles of successful ice breakers are as follows: Simple Non-threatening Open ended Relevant Energizing Witkowski (2000) states that some elements should be considered in designing an appropriate ice breaker in the classroom. He listed these elements as follow: Objective Audience Time management Control As a matter of fact, we can say that how well students do in class depends mostly on how well teacher breaks the ice between them. From this point of view, English teachers should reconsider the methodology they can apply in their classes and try to improve their teaching ability. Purpose of the Study In terms of skills, producing a coherent and fluent piece of speech is probably the most important thing there is to do between EFL learners. The present study investigates ice breaking tasks as activities that presumed to play a role in EFL speaking classes. The first question this study tries to answer is whether or not providing students with ice braking tasks as their classroom activities will exert any impact on their speaking skill. According to Peterson (2010), beginning your lesson plans with a five-minute ice breaker can serve to focus your students on the topic, open up creative thinking and help them to apply the learning in new ways. According to Leblanc (2011) ice breaking activities will help students to turn off the outside world and focus on the task at hand. By the end of the ice breaking activity, every student will be ready to learn and being able to focus on their language lesson. Then, a teacher will reach every student and will help their students achieve their language goals. In any classroom, there always are students who are more reticent and are willing to let others do all the participating. By engaging students to take part in a low-risk, ice-breaking activity, teachers will reach every student and will help their students achieve their language goals. Based on the problems and purpose of study, the following research questions were proposed: Does providing students with ice- breaking tasks have any effect on their speaking ability? To what extent ice-breakers improve speaking? What factors can be considered in testing speaking ability of EFL learners? What is the effect of using ice-breakers in improving every factor that considered in testing learners speaking ability? What is the correlation between using ice-breaker activities and students gender? When teachers use ice- breaking as a strategy to improve oral ability in English classrooms? 1.5. Significance of the Study In the age of internet and information technology, speaking English has become so important and many EFL instructors and supervisors understand the essence of the speaking process. Learning to speak English fluently is important to most of the students. Thus, helping students to develop speaking skills is a demanding enterprise for teachers. Using a good ice breaker is important to an English language lesson, as it sets the students up for success on many different levels. According to Flanigan (2011) performing ice breaking activities in English class will help students be in the right frame of mind to learn. Also proper ice breaking activities ensure that students will get the most from their class and they will have fun. 1.6. Research Design and Methodology 1.6.1. Research Design Since real random selection of the subjects is impossible, the researcher made use of intact groups based on the results of students previous general English test scores. Therefore the design which can fit this study is the quasi-experimental design with the pre-test, post-test pattern. In the current study ice breakers are the independent variable and speaking is the dependent variable. Thus the effectiveness of ice breakers, the amount of improvement, factors that can be considered in testing speaking ability, and effect of using icebreakers in every factor will be analyzed quantitatively by data analysis of pre-test and post-test, and qualitatively by analyzing teachers view point about the usefulness of ice-breakers. 1.6.2. Setting and Participants After administering the sample speaking IELTS test, on the basis of the result, 100 students, whose homogeneities is confirmed-will be selected and divided into two groups ,one as the control group and the other one as the experimental group. Coming from different departments such as Science, History, Literature, Computer Science and Civil Engineering, Both groups will attend English classes two times a week throughout the semester (about 18 sessions, 3hours each session). 1.6.3. Data Collection Instruments For collecting data, two instruments have been used in this study. The first ones are different kind of ice breakers that have been gathered from related standard sources. The second instrument is interview with teachers. As we will explain latter, it will elaborate in order to identify some aspects related to the teachers’ point of view about the usefulness of ice-breakers in upper-mediate level, and the students reaction to these kinds of activities. 1.6.4. Data Analysis As it was mentioned earlier, there is a six fold purpose that will promote the present study. This research is mainly an attempt (a) to examine the probable effect of ice breakers on the speaking ability of EFL students at upper-intermediate language proficiency level, (b) to investigate the amount of ice breakers effect, (c) to investigate factors that are considered in testing speaking (d) study the effect of using ice-breakers in improving every factor,(e) measure the correlation between using ice-breaker activities and students gender,and (f) the conditions in which the teachers use ice breakers to cope with reticence in oral English language classrooms. Data for this study obtained from pre-test, post-test, and interview with teachers. Then in order to do statistical analysis, the SPSS software is used. 1.7. Limitation and Delimitations of the Study 1.7.1. Limitations As many other studies, this study suffers from some limitations, those conditions beyond the control of the researcher that may place restrictions on the conclusions of the study and their application to other situations (Best Kahn, 1989, p.38). It seems that the following factors have limited this study in one way or another: 1. As a matter of fact, in order to give every single member of a population an equal chance to be included in the sample, random sampling is needed. Yet the type of sampling, which was employed in this study was the available group selection, i.e. instead of individual subject selection, there was group selection. 2. Subjects social classes were certainly ignored as well. 3. Teachers age, gender, and social class were ignored, too. 4. The number of subjects was limited to 100 and the extension of the experiment was limited to one term. 5. The generalizability to other language proficiency levels needs further research. 1.7.2. Delimitation In order to meet the criterion of manageability and to permit a satisfactory analysis of the results, narrowing down and delimiting the problems in any study have proved to be inevitable. This study is no exception; therefore, through a number of delimitations, the researcher tried to set the boundaries of this study: 1. What this study aims to investigate is the impact of ice-breakers on speaking ability of EFL Turkish students, not on any other aspect of their proficiency. 2. The participants were chosen from amongst the male and female undergraduate Turkish learners who are improving their English level in the American Culture Institute in Erzurum. 3. To reduce the subject anxiety during the speaking, the examiner was the students own teacher. 1.8. Outline of the Study Chapter one provides a general introduction to the study. In this chapter the purpose of the study, research questions, hypotheses, and limitations of the study were discussed and key terms were defined. In chapter two, the researcher reviews the literature related to the theoretical and empirical background to speaking, ice-breakers, and their effects and functions. Chapter three deals with methodological issues such as participants, data collection, procedures, research questions and hypotheses, etc. Chapter four is concerned with data analysis and discussion of the results. In the final chapter, we draw some conclusions from our analysis, discuss conclusive results, and provide implications for further research.

Depression And Self-Loathing Essays -- essays research papers

Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depression strikes a large number of people around the world. It can be brought on by many things, such as childhood trauma, social issues, and drug use. The one thing that sets depression apart from many other mental afflictions is that everyone who has it may have it for different reasons and are taking different steps to remedy it. Some seek psychoanalysis while some rely on a pill to make them feel better. Others turn to self-medication, in the case of depression known as self-loathing, self-mutilation, and suicide. There are endless studies regarding depression being performed worldwide which become very specific in nature. An interesting aspect of depression that sets it apart from other psychological difficulties is that depression can be brought on a person by themselves. If people allow themselves to be victims of self-loathing, depression and its symptoms are sure to be close behind. A Literature Review on Depression and Self-Loathing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research over years past indicates that depression is a more common affliction amongst the American people than most are led to believe. Depression is a multi-faceted adversity, as there are many things that are able to spawn it, and many things are able to come from it as well. Depression can be medically defined as a disease, and there are a number of treatments that medical professionals believe can remedy or abate the symptoms of it, although there have been numerous complaints about medical treatments designed to aid in a person’s struggles with depression. While self-loathing is a common precursor to depression, it rarely stops there. Next comes the full-fledged depression which in some cases is followed by self-mutilation or suicide attempts. Anti-depressant medication and psychoanalysis commonly follow. It has been found that there are some outside sources that may influence depression in a person that would not seem to have any link whatsoever to t he condition. Regardless, depression is an affliction that has been around for ages, and unless revolutionary findings are made, it can be inferred that it will be an infirmity that will plague people for time to come as well. Problem   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A major culprit behind the concept of self-loathing is today’s media influence on the American populace. Today’s information techno... ...d has high hopes for the future, they are not likely to sink into a depression deep enough to merit psychoanalysis or anti-depressant medication prescriptions. Past events are crucial in determining whether or not a person may be diagnosed with depression in the future, for it is very rare that a fortunate person who has not had to cope with loss will find themselves suffering from symptoms of depression. One can also not expect to feel like they did before the affliction once they start taking medication to help. It is extremely rare that a person is one hundred percent satisfied with how they feel during the courses of medication to alleviate depression. It is also more likely a person will attempt suicide or self-mutilation if they are diagnosed with depression and are prescribed anti-depressants. This is one warning sign compiled with many others in what may cause youth to want to end their life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Depression is a rather simple infirmity when it is broken down. It is not always brought about by inborn psychological problems like other mental diseases are. As simple as it may be, it is a problem that plagues a very large number of people worldwide.

Gary Soto Guilt Essay Essay

Guilt is the price we pay willingly for doing what we are going to do anyway -Isabelle Holland. Guilt is something we create for ourselves. In the passage, Gary Soto emphasizes how guilty, paranoid, and shameful he felt in his inner conscience after stealing an apple pie. He expresses his guilt, shame, and paranoia by describing his outer self, his inner self, and the people around him. How Soto describes his inner self emphasizes on how fearful he is. The great sense of paranoia that overcame him caused him to believe that the people around him knew about his sinful deed of stealing the pie. A car honked and the driver knew. Mrs. Hancock stood on her lawn, hands on hip, and she knew. My mom, peeling a mountain of potatoes at the Red-Spud factory, knew. Soto also says that the pie tin glared at him and rolled away when the wind picked up. This impossible image exposes the fear in Sotos mind that even the pie tin is aware of his corrupt actions. Religion also causes Gary Soto to feel shameful and disgraceful. His references to God and being thirsty reveal his fear. Soto playing with his frisbee, states I flung it again until I was bored and tired† and â€Å"I returned home to drink water†, Soto attempts to get away from the anguish of his guilt by playing around and distracting himself. He also refers to Adam and Eve and their thirst after taking the forbidden fruit. Soto refers to himself and young and innocent, holy in every bone. However, he still steals the pie, and is paranoid of punishment from God for the rest of the day. How Soto describes his outer-self emphasizes on how ashamed and disgusted he was about himself stealing the pie. He refers to the sweat under his arms as the juice of guilt. As if sweat isnt gross enough, when described as juice, from guilt, its quite repulsive. Gary Soto obviously felt disgusted with himself, and nervous, after committing this crime. When Cross-Eyed Johnny whispers to him, Your hands are dirty, Soto takes it literally in a way, his hands sticky and dripping. Soto, feeling gluttonous and dirty, and took Cross-Eyed Johnnys comment as an insult, saying he felt bad, and even more guilty. By emphasizing the effects of paranoia, religion, and feelings of shame, Gary Soto is able to revive and recreate his traumatic childhood experience. His paranoia caused his intense insecurity and anxiety about everyone and everything around him, whereas the ideas of religion emphasized morally in ethical values of the sin he has committed. The shame Gary Soto felt led to regret in the bad deed he has committed and awakened his moral conscience that he has done something wrong and enjoyed it. Because of these three major factors, Gary Soto has clearly revived his experience of his first theft as a young innocent child.

Analysis of “The Soldier” by Rupert Brooke

â€Å"The Soldier† by Rupert Brooke Analysis â€Å"The Soldier†, is a British patriotic sonnet written by Rupert Brooke in 1914. It expresses love for the mother country which in this case is Great Britain. This poem describes the physical aspects of death and the writer’s opinion of it. Although death is the main point in this poem, it not depicted in a twisted and gruesome manner. Rather, death in this poem is a sacrifice. â€Å"The Soldier† is a patriotic poem. The purpose of patriotic poems during WWI was to motivate people to enlist for the armed forces.It is quite similar to a piece of propaganda, asking in a way for people to join the armed forces; to take his place should he be killed –â€Å"If I should die, think only this of me†. We know that this poem is patriotic because of the last three lines of the first stanza, in particular –â€Å"A body of England’s, breathing English air,† We also know this poem is patr iotic because it was written in 1914, when the war just started and spirits were high. After a while though, the enthusiasm dropped as people began to discover the nasty and cruel conditions of the trenches.By the end of war, famine and constant bomb raids had completely obliterated all signs of patriotism. In the first stanza, Brooke mentions his belief of the physical aspects of death for one’s country. The â€Å"foreign field† is where his body will lay forever. The soil contains the soul of a glorious man who died for his country. Brooke believes that if he dies there, the soil around his body will become a part of England as a result of the purity of his soul –â€Å"That is forever England,† The soldier was brought up by England and as a result, his thoughts and beliefs are both influenced by England.When he dies, all of his evil deeds and sins have been forgiven because he gave the ultimate sacrifice; to die for one’s country. Brooke also bel ieves that, because the motherland was so nice to him, he must give back what she has given to him; that he must lay down his life to ensure that the motherland stays a free country. It is the only thing that he can give back to the motherland to say thanks. Throughout this poem, England is personified as a mother. It demonstrates how important the soldiers of England really are to the country itself.Brooke writes this poem in a patriotic and joyful manner. He does not believe that dying for your country is a traumatic experience. This in contrast to another famously acclaimed poem by Wilfred Owen –â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† Brooke believes that dying for one’s country is a brave and honourable thing to do, especially during war. It states that should the person die, he should not be mourned, instead he should be looked upon as a selfless sacrifice to England.Although the poem itself is referring to one person; himself, the title suggests that this poem is repr esenting all soldiers, as when soldiers fight in wars, they lose their identity and become cogs in a big machine. To conclude, Rupert Brooke’s â€Å"The Soldier† is a patriotic poem about a soldier who had great love for his country. Brooke presents this sonnet as a piece of propaganda and encourages people to enlist for the armed forces. This poem describes the ideas of death in a mind of a patriotic person and gives us an insight into Brooke’s style of writing. Overall, this is a poem about honour and glory, about life and death.